Ninety-three percent of households have a telephone, either fixed line or mobile. Amongst them, 100,000 Hmongs30% of the entire Hmong populationand 90% of all of Lao intellectuals, specialists, and officials. It was founded in 1563 and was prompted by fears of attacks from Burma. This tourist attraction still holds more than 10 thousand Buddha statues, large and small. Recognised asylum seekers were given resettlement opportunities, while the remaining refugees were to be repatriated under guarantee of safety. [151] The mining industry of Laos has received prominent attention with foreign direct investments. Jaew. Capital: Vientiane. Bomb Tonnages Dropped on Laos and Cambodia, and Weighing Their Implications", "Fifty years of violent war deaths from Vietnam to Bosnia: analysis of data from the world health survey programme", Politics in Contemporary Southeast Asia: Authority, Democracy and Political Change, Renovation in Vietnam since 1988 a study in political, economic and social change, "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity", "Mekong Divides Different Worlds In 'Golden Triangle', "Opium Poppy Cultivation in South East Asia", "East Asia/Southeast Asia:: Laos The World Factbook Central Intelligence Agency", "Laos promotes PM Thongloun as leader of communist party", "OEC Laos (LAO) Exports, Imports, and Trade Partners", "Q+A What is the East Asia Summit all about? Trekking in Luang Namtha Laos was then dependent on military and economic aid from the Soviet Union until its dissolution in 1991. [156] Laos was ranked 117th in the Global Innovation Index in 2021 down from 113rd in 2020.[157][158][159][160][161]. [27] Burial jars and other kinds of sepulchers suggest a complex society in which bronze objects appeared around 1500 BC, and iron tools were known from 700 BC. [66][67] The incumbent head of government is Prime Minister Sonexay Siphandone. Vientiane, Laos might seem sleepy and languid by Southeast Asia standards, but the Lao PDR capital might surprise you with its diversity of cuisine, quirky sights, friendly locals, and infectious sabai-sabai attitude. [139]:3940, In 2004 the net primary enrollment rate was 84%. [138] Two new lines connecting with Vietnam, namely the VientianeVng ng and SavannakhetLao Bao railways, are also under planning, in line to meet the Laotian government's vision of becoming a land-linked nation. [96][97] In The Economist's Democracy Index 2016 Laos was classified as an "authoritarian regime", ranking lowest of the nine ASEAN nations included in the study. A post-independence civil war began, which saw the communist resistance, supported by the Soviet Union, fight against the monarchy that later came under influence of military regimes supported by the United States. Located on the Mekong River the city has 950,000 inhabitants. Fa Ngum was born into the royal family in Muang Sua, the capital of a small state ruled by King Souvanna Khampong. Vientiane, the capital of Laos, is the antithesis of a bustling capital like London. [147] Ten percent belong to other "lowland" groups, which together with the Lao people make up the Lao Loum (lowland people). Since July, 2021 the United States has shared 2,908,440 safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine doses with the people of Laos - free of cost. The only legal political party is the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP). This includes 1,900,440 Pfizer and 1,000,800 J&J doses. The main international airports are Vientiane's Wattay International Airport and Luang Prabang International Airport with Pakse International Airport also having a few international flights. After talks with the UNHCR and the Thai government, Laos agreed to repatriate the 60,000 Lao refugees living in Thailand, including several thousand Hmong people. Vientiane is the largest city in Laos and functions as: Houses the Presidential Palace. "[132], The country's most widely recognised product may well be Beerlao, which in 2017 was exported to more than 20 countries worldwide. Sticky rice is generally preferred over jasmine rice, and sticky rice cultivation and production is thought to have originated in Laos. [74] Their Russian-built Antonov AN 74-300 with 20 people on board crashed in Xiangkhouang Province. France remained in de facto control until 22 October 1953, when Laos gained full independence as a constitutional monarchy. (Lao: , pronounced Loo-ang pah-bang and also spelled Louangphrabang, is the former capital of Laos and a UNESCO World Heritage city. This land area is approximately 59% of the area of California. Great day in Vientiane, the capital of Laos. According to the World Bank data conducted in 2014, Laos has met the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) targets on water and sanitation regarding the UNICEF/WHO Joint Monitoring Programme. Export earnings from international visitors and tourism goods are expected to generate 16% of total exports or US$270.3million in 2010, growing in nominal terms to US$484.2million (12.5% of the total) in 2020. Vientiane (/ v i n t i n / vee-EN-tee-AHN, French: ; Lao: , Viangchan, pronounced [ tn]) is the capital and largest city of Laos.Vientiane is divided administratively into 9 cities with a total area of only approx. Some Vietnamese, Laotian Chinese[148] and Thai minorities remain, particularly in the towns, but many left after independence in the late 1940s, many of whom relocated either to Vietnam, Hong Kong, or to France. Browse 13,220 laos capital stock photos and images available, or search for laos culture or thailand to find more great stock photos and pictures. As of 2011[update], Nhn Dn ('The People') and the Xinhua News Agency are the only foreign media organisations permitted to open offices in Laosboth opened bureaus in Vientiane in 2011. Local tradition holds that there are three seasons (rainy, cool and hot) as the latter two months of the climatologically defined dry season are noticeably hotter than the earlier four months. He encouraged a renaissance of Lao fine arts and literature and improved relations with Luang Phrabang. The land has a total area of 236,800 km (91,429 mi). [167] One production company's film that has succeeded to produce Lao feature films and gain international recognition is Lao New Wave Cinema's At the Horizon, directed by Anysay Keola, that was screened at the OzAsia Film Festival[168] and Lao Art Media's Chanthaly (Lao: ) directed by Mattie Do, which was screened at the 2013 Fantastic Fest. The national basketball team competed at the 2017 Southeast Asian Games where it beat Myanmar in the eighth place game.[185]. Present-day Laos traces its historic and cultural identity to Lan Xang, which existed from the 13th century to the 18th century as one of the largest kingdoms in Southeast Asia. Supply of foreign exchange has in the past been limited in Laos, which imposed a de facto limit on repatriation of capital. Besides, this place is also considered a library containing many ancient books written by hand on palm leaves. Vientiane is the largest city with an area of 3,920km and the most populous in Laos with a population of 562,244. [58] Laos had a 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 5.59/10, ranking it 98th globally out of 172 countries. Laosul i are originile n Imperiul Lan Xang ce a existat ntre secolele XIV i XVIII.. Dup o perioad de apartenen la Imperiul Colonial . Laos is a part of the Southeast Asian region. [141] The authorities in Laos have recently developed an innovative regulatory framework for publicprivate partnership contracts signed with small enterprises, in parallel with more conventional regulation of state-owned water enterprises. According to independent non-profit/non-governmental organisations (NGOs) such as Amnesty International,[104] Human Rights Watch,[105] and Civil Rights Defenders,[106] along with the US State Department,[107] serious human rights violations such as arbitrary detentions, disappearances, free speech restrictions, prison abuses and other violations are an ongoing problem. Many elements of Lao culture predate Buddhism. Choose our custom designed, flexible and unique Laos Tour Packages. Laos does not have a well-developed capital market, although government policies increasingly support the formation of capital and free flow of financial resources. Vientiane, the capital city of Laos in the 1990s. 400 AD - Theravada Buddhism was introduced to Laos. Asia. Theravada Buddhism is a dominant influence in Lao culture. There is limited external and internal telecommunication, but mobile phones have become widespread. Vientiane authorities have pledged to carry out 30 large-scale development projects from now until 2025 in a bid to accelerate the Lao capital's economic growth. Pakse. Lao People's Democratic Republic or Laos (), is a country in southeast Asia. In 2017, the country sent a team for the first time to the team events at the Southeast Asian Games. According to the USCommittee for Refugees, he was arrested by Lao security forces and was never seen again. The area was originally settled because of the fertility of the surrounding alluvial plains, and Vientiane became the capital city of Laos around the mid 16th century. "Laos agrees to voluntary repatriation of refugees in Thailand", U.P.I., 5 June 1991. [41] Under French rule, the Vietnamese were encouraged to migrate to Laos, which was seen by the French colonists as a rational solution to a labour shortage within the confines of an Indochina-wide colonial space. [104] Later reports have contradicted this, claiming they were sentenced to 20 years in prison. [171], As of 2018, Laos has three theatres dedicated to showing films.[172]. A coup d'tat in 1960 in the Lao capital, Vientiane, deepened the country's political instability. History of Laos. The small nation is bordered by China, Myanmar, Vietnam, Thailand, and Cambodia. "Laos refuses to take back Thai-based Hmong refugees", Smith, Philip, Washington, D.C. (12 December 2014), Kyophilavong, Phouphet, et al. THE government of the Lao People's Democratic Republic has petitioned the District Court for the NMI to enforce foreign arbitral awards against Bridge Capital LLC and its principal John Baldwin in the total amount of $5,026,983.98. Laos is the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia. [175] Lao citizens who have criticised the government have been subjected to enforced disappearances, arbitrary arrests and torture. The Pathet Lao began a war against the French colonial forces with the aid of the Vietnamese independence organisation, the Viet Minh. [15][16] Laos has been referred to as one of Southeast Asia and Pacific's fastest growing economies by the World Bank with annual GDP growth averaging 7.4% since 2009. ::", "Global Religious Landscape; Table: Religious Composition by Country", "Human Development Report 2009. This slim paperback by Sam Brier and Phouphanomlack (Tee) Sangkhampone boasts an intuitive, sound-based way to learn the written Lao alphabet and sounds of the Lao language. Ngum was descended from a long line of Lao kings that traced back to Khoun Boulom. Today, French has a healthier status in Laos than the other Francophone nations of Asia and about 35% of all students in Laos receive their education in French, with the language being a required course in many schools. When he died without an heir, the kingdom split into three principalities. Laos (/los/ (listen)[9][d]), officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao: ), is a socialist state and the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia. Getty Images offers exclusive rights-ready and premium royalty-free analog, HD, and 4K video of the highest quality. Lao Basics: An Introduction to the Lao Language. The capital of Laos is Vientiane. In 1960, amidst a series of rebellions in the Kingdom of Laos, fighting broke out between the Royal Lao Army (RLA) and the communist North Vietnamese and Soviet Union-backed Pathet Lao guerillas. . Collectively, they are known as Lao Soung or highland Laotians. 1353 - Lan Xang (Million Elephants) Kingdom, founded in the 14th century by Fa Ngum. US Representative Steve Gunderson, for instance, told a Hmong gathering: "I do not enjoy standing up and saying to my government that you are not telling the truth, but if that is necessary to defend truth and justice, I will do that. [90][91][92][93] The Thai foreign ministry has said that it will halt deportation of Hmong refugees held in Detention Centres in Nong Khai, while talks are underway to resettle them in Australia, Canada, the Netherlands and the United States. The Pathet Lao were backed militarily by the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and the Viet Cong. Laos has the youngest population of any country in Asia with a median age of 21.6 years. Patuxay, Vientiane Laos, Sunrise in the morning at at Patuxai. The city was destroyed, valuables and historical artifacts were looted, and the population fled. Cities []. [47] As of 22March2021[update] the head of state is President Thongloun Sisoulith. In fact, it feels more like a welcoming village, nestled in a bend of the Mekong River, Vientiane is dotted with temples and quirky, accessible attractions like the Buddha Park featuring surreal statues of the Buddha and the Monk Chat, a monthly opportunity to hang out with, you guessed it, monks. Since the founding of the Lao PDR in 1975, very few films have been made in Laos. [citation needed], Laos's emergence from international isolation has been marked through improved and expanded relations with other countries including Russia, China, Thailand, Australia, Germany, Italy, Japan and Switzerland. 900-1300 AD - Most of Laos is subordinate to the Khmer Empire at Angkor. Updated on November 19, 2021. In response, the United States initiated a bombing campaign against the PAVN positions, supported regular and irregular anti-communist forces in Laos, and supported Army of the Republic of Vietnam incursions into Laos. The International Monetary Fund ranked Laos 36th out of 42 Asian countries in 2018. It is a hand-woven silk skirt that can identify the woman who wears it in a variety of ways. [50], In 1975 the Pathet Lao overthrew the royalist government, forcing King Savang Vatthana to abdicate on 2 December 1975. ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE) Policy Brief Series, No 7. [43] Otherwise, according to Martin Stuart-Fox, the Lao might well have lost control over their own country. King Sisavang Vong of Luang Phrabang became ruler of a unified Laos, and Vientiane once again became the capital. [129], In 2018, the country ranked 139th on the Human Development Index (HDI), indicating medium development. [133], The tourism sector has grown rapidly, from 80,000 international visitors in 1990, to 1.876million in 2010,[134] when tourism had been expected to rise to US$1.5857billion by 2020. [46], The official and majority language is Lao, a language of the Tai-Kadai language family. Vientiane, pronounced as "Viang-chan" in Lao, has been the Laotian capital city for 453 years. [85] Several thousand Hmong people, fearing forced repatriation to Laos if they were not accepted for resettlement in the United States, fled the camp to live elsewhere within Thailand where a sizeable Hmong population has been present since the 19th century. [155] The National University of Laos is the Lao state's public university. In 2010, one in every 11 jobs was in the tourism sector. Between 20,000 and 62,000 Laotians died during the civil war. It is a political term that includes the non-ethnic Lao groups within Laos and identifies them as "Laotian" because of their political citizenship. For example, Laotian music is dominated by its national musical instrument, the khaen, a type of bamboo mouth organ that has prehistoric origins. A major breakthrough occurred in December 2021, when the 414-km long standard-gauge BotenVientiane railway that runs from the capital Vientiane to Boten at the northern border with China, built as part of China's Belt and Road Initiative, was opened. Population 6.7 million. While some Hmong people returned to Laos voluntarily, with development assistance from UNHCR, allegations of forced repatriation surfaced. [110][111], Human rights advocates including Vang Pobzeb, Kerry and Kay Danes, and others have also raised concerns about human rights violations, torture, the arrest and detention of political prisoners as well as the detention of foreign prisoners in Laos including at the infamous Phonthong Prison in Vientiane. [47][51] The royalists set up a government in exile in the United States. They were the indigenous inhabitants of northern Laos. Bangkok - Hanoi - Laos by Air 9 nights from $1,615*. The attack resulted in the RLA largely demobilising, leaving the conflict to irregular ethnic Hmong forces of the "Secret Army" backed by the United States and Thailand, and led by General Vang Pao. [145], In the central and southern mountains, Mon-Khmer-speaking groups, known as Lao Theung or mid-slope Laotians, predominate. Laos has nine daily newspapers, 90 magazines, 43 radio stations, and 32 TV stations operating throughout the country. It consists of an irregularly round portion in the north that narrows into a peninsula-like region stretching to the southeast. [179] Only 3.5% of women and 2.1% of men between the ages of 1549 were in a polygamous union as of 2017. Address: 133 Chanthakhoummarn Road, Chanthabouly district. However, historians claim the city was an ancient Khmer settlement that formed around a Hindu temple. All these changes were partly due to the inflow of foreign capital into the Lao economy in the form of direct investment. [47] Between 1964 and 1973, the US dropped two million tons of bombs on Laos, nearly equal to the 2.1million tons of bombs the US dropped on Europe and Asia during all of World War II, making Laos the most heavily bombed country in history relative to the size of its population; The New York Times notes this was "nearly a ton for every person in Laos". The Lao PDR is one of the world's few socialist states openly endorsing communism. Under the plan, refugee status was evaluated through a screening process. [102][103], However, the government of Laos frequently breaches its own constitution and the rule of law, since the judiciary and judges are appointed by the ruling communist party. Vientiane has a total area of 3,920 square km and an average elevation of 174 m. The city experiences a tropical savanna climate. "[81] Republicans called several Congressional hearings on alleged persecution of the Hmong in Laos in an apparent attempt to generate further support for their opposition to the Hmong's repatriation to Laos. Laos became independent in 1953, with a constitutional monarchy under Sisavang Vong. The National University of Laos, one of the country's three universities, is located in Vientiane. [46], Male life expectancy at birth was at 62.6 years and female life expectancy was at 66.7 years in 2017. A Chinese firm's plans to build a 100-meter-high Buddha statue in low-lying Vientiane encapsulate China's outsized . [113] A number of citizens, primarily women and girls from all ethnic groups and foreigners, have been victims of sex trafficking in Laos. Five of them were arrested and subsequently sentenced to up to 10 years imprisonment on charges of treason. [79], In 1993, Vue Mai, a former Hmong soldier and leader of the largest Hmong refugee camp in Thailand, who had been recruited by the USEmbassy in Bangkok to return to Laos as proof of the repatriation programme's success, disappeared in Vientiane. [62], The climate is mostly tropical savanna and influenced by the monsoon pattern. Department of Statistics, Ministry of Planning and Investment, 2009. The 1957 document was abrogated in December 1975, when a communist people's republic was proclaimed. Vientiane, also spelled Viangchan, largest city and capital of Laos, situated on a plain just northeast of the Mekong River. [128] As of 2021, despite cheap hydro power available in the country, Laos continues to also rely on fossil fuels, coal in particular, in the domestic electricity production. Residents of Laos' capital Vientiane on October 16 witnessed the arrival of the first passenger high-speed train running on the new Laos-China railway line which will, after some test runs, come into full operation in December . The city of Vientiane is located on the Mekong River's bank near the Laos-Thailand border, and is the seat of the countrys national government. Setthathirath became king in 1548, after his father was killed, and ordered the construction of what became the symbol of Laos, That Luang. Vientiane, Laos - Jul 29, 1998: Tuk-tuk and Patuxai Triumphal arch in Lane Xang Avenue. [184], Laos has no tradition in other team sports. Most of the population (63%) resides within . Layers of Chinese Loanwords in Proto-Southwestern Tai as Evidence for the Dating of the Spread of Southwestern Tai, "Let's hope Laos hangs on to its identity", "Slavery in Nineteenth-Century Northern Thailand: Archival Anecdotes and Village Voices", Creating Laos: The Making of a Lao Space Between Indochina and Siam, 18601945, "Laos Encyclopdia Britannica Overview", "Making More Enemies than We Kill? The proto-historic period is characterised by contact with Chinese and Indian civilisations. It is bordered by Myanmar (used to be known in English as "Burma") and by China to the northwest, by Vietnam to the east, by Cambodia to the south and by . [164] One of the first commercial feature-length films was Sabaidee Luang Prabang, made in 2008. has been the most successful club with 8 titles, the highest number of championship wins. Other Hmong fighters hid out in mountains in Xiangkhouang Province for many years, with a remnant emerging from the jungle in 2003. Vientiane Capital is the home to the most significant national monument in Laos: That Luang (Great Stupa), which is the symbol of Lao and an icon of Buddhism in Laos. Modern-day Laos has its roots in the ancient Lao kingdom of Lan Xang, established in the 14th century under King FA NGUM. The first Lao kingdom, called Lan Xang or "land of the million elephants," was founded by Fa Ngum in 1353. In an effort to halt the planned repatriation, the Republican-led USSenate and House of Representatives both appropriated funds for the remaining Thailand-based Hmong to be immediately resettled in the United States; Clinton, however, responded by promising a veto of the legislation. [77] Pressure to resettle the refugees grew as the Thai government worked to close its remaining refugee camps. Population 6.7 million. Although some accusations of forced repatriation were denied,[82] thousands of Hmong people refused to return to Laos. Political power is centralized in the Lao People's Revolutionary Party. [122] Rice dominates agriculture, with about 80% of the arable land area used for growing rice. [60] The country is one of four in the opium poppy growing region known as the "Golden Triangle". [35] Anouvong was taken to Bangkok as a prisoner, where he died. Theravada Buddhism has coexisted peacefully since its introduction to the country with the local polytheism. [47][46], Laos was a key part of the Vietnam War since parts of Laos were invaded and occupied by North Vietnam since 1958 for use as a supply route for its war against South Vietnam. 3. The stupa is open from 8am-4pm daily (with a one hour break from 12-1) and costs 5,000 kip to enter the inside. Xinhua That Luang Festival celebrated in Vientiane, Laos Candlelight parade surrounding the That Luang Stupa in Lao capital Vientiane on the night of Nov. 11, 2019. . Today, it remains the unofficial tourist capital. This article is about the country in Southeast Asia. The Mekong River forms a large part of the western boundary with Thailand, where the mountains of the Annamite Range form most of the eastern border with Vietnam and the Luang Prabang Range the northwestern border with the Thai highlands. However, the latter is considered pejorative, meaning 'slave'. Its international borders were closed except to trucks carrying goods and in cases allowed by the nation's COVID . [72], On 17 May 2014, Defence Minister and Deputy Prime Minister Douangchay Phichit was killed in a plane crash, along with other top ranking officials. Visiting Vientiane, Laos, elicits such a diversity of opinions from travelers, it's often hard . Amnesty International raised concerns about the ratification record of the Lao government on human rights standards and its lack of co-operation with the UN human rights mechanisms and legislative measuresboth impact negatively upon human rights. The Lao People's Democratic Republic (Laos) is a developing country ruled by a one-party, Communist government. They were to have been released by October 2009, but their whereabouts remain unknown. The capital city has more of a small town feel than that of a capital. [163] The first feature-length film made after the monarchy was abolished is Gun Voice from the Plain of Jars, directed by Somchith Pholsena in 1983, although its release was prevented by a censorship board. The Thai government attempted to repatriate these refugees, but the Wat Tham Krabok Hmong refused to leave and the Lao government refused to accept them, claiming they were involved in the illegal drug trade and were of non-Lao origin. By a one-party, communist government former capital of Laos is a developing country ruled by King Souvanna.... Over jasmine rice, and officials to Khoun Boulom to enforced disappearances, arbitrary and... 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